FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
BOTANICAL DESIGNATION: Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
BOTANICAL FAMILY: Leguminosae or Fabaceae
Trigonella foenum-graecum, belonging to the Fabaceae family, is recognized as a plant with medicinal properties. Traditionally, it has been utilized in the management and prevention of various health issues. Scientific investigations have demonstrated its potential for exhibiting activities such as fighting bacteria, lowering blood sugar, combating cancer, alleviating diarrhea, and reducing inflammation.
Active Components: The seeds of fenugreek contain several key compounds, including the saponin fenugrin B, coumarin derivatives, and alkaloids like trigonelline, gentianine, and carpaine. A significant portion of the trigonelline present undergoes degradation into nicotinic acid and pyridines, which are responsible for the characteristic flavor of the seed. Furthermore, several C-glycoside flavones, such as vitexin, vitexin glycoside, and an arabinoside of orietin (iso-orientin), have been identified in fenugreek seeds. Other constituents include minor steroidal sapogenins like smilagenin, sarsasapogenin, and yuccagenin, as well as a substantial amount of mucilaginous fiber, which can constitute up to 50% of the seed's composition.
Therapeutic Applications: Fenugreek finds use in addressing digestive ailments, such as reduced appetite, constipation, and gastritis. It is also employed in the management of conditions like diabetes, dysmenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obesity. Moreover, it is believed to play a role in preventing atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.
Proposed Biological Mechanisms:
The blood sugar-lowering effect of Fenugreek is thought to occur due to the formation of a gel-like suspension within the stomach and intestines. This happens when the soluble fiber (mucilage) in the seeds absorbs water, thereby influencing the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract and slowing down the absorption of glucose .
The cholesterol-lowering effects of Fenugreek are believed to be a result of several actions. These include the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestines through the formation of complexes between saponins and cholesterol. Additionally, saponins are thought to bind with bile acids, leading to increased excretion of bile in feces. This, in turn, prompts the liver to convert more cholesterol into bile acids. The specific amino acid profile of Fenugreek may also contribute to its effects on serum cholesterol levels.
Evidence from Clinical Trials:
In a controlled metabolic study with a crossover design (involving 10 participants), individuals with Type I diabetes were given 100 grams of defatted Fenugreek seed powder daily for 10 days, divided into two equal doses. This intervention resulted in a notable decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and an improvement in the glucose tolerance test. The amount of glucose excreted in urine over 24 hours was reduced by 54%. However, the administration of fenugreek did not significantly alter serum insulin levels. Significant reductions were also observed in total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The researchers concluded that incorporating Fenugreek seed powder into the diet could be beneficial in the management of diabetes.
Available Product Forms: 50% Saponins
Product Specifications:
Botanical/ Scientific Name: Trigonella foenum-graecum Identification Method: TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) Heavy Metal Limits: Arsenic: Not more than 20 parts per million Lead: Not more than 1 part per million Microbiological Quality: As per JPN Food Regulation